Soil Washing/Flushing Treatments of Organic Pollutants Enhanced by Cyclodextrins and Integrated Treatments: State of the Art
Résumé
Soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic pollutants are a common concern since they are extremely difficult to remove and their potential toxicological impacts are significant. As an alternative to traditional pump-and-treat technologies, soil washing and soil flushing are conceivable and efficient approaches. Extracting agents like cyclodextrins are compared to traditional surfactants, co-solvents and less conventional agents. Ability of cyclodextrin derivatives to form a ternary pollutant-cyclodextrin-iron complex allows discussing about promising integrated treatments requiring modified Fenton treatments like electro-Fenton process with or without combination to a biological step and a recirculation loop.