Sirtuins as markers of bone disease: a focus on osteoarthritis and osteoporosis
Résumé
Sirtuins are widely distributed class III NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) involved in epigenetic regulation. There are 7 protein members of the Sirtuins, SIRT1-7, each which specific sites of action linked with the intracellular localization, and acting on selective target proteins. Sirtuins are involved in a number of processes ranging from cell cycle regulation, apoptosis/proliferation, DNA repair, tumor suppression, energy metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis, metabolism, cellular senescence/aging, and inflammation. Sirtuins also play a key role on the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and via this pathway play an important in the maintenance and function of bone tissue. Hence, Sirtuins are involved in bone pathologies such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, and can serve as biomarkers for these pathologies.