Adaptation difficulties of participants exposed to extreme environments could be attributed to multiple causes. Of these causes, evidence suggests personality has an important role in the adaptation process (1). For example, in conditions such as a simulated ascension of Everest or a parabolic flight, studies demonstrated that some individuals were more sensitive to environmental stressors (2,3), and adopted a realistic outlook on the size of the challenge. In addition, Abraini (4) reported adaptation difficulties in an extroverted diver, a finding that is consistent with previous research that shows extroverts find confined conditions or prolonged isolation in extreme environments difficult. In other specific extreme environments, authors have suggested that conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism play a role in the degree of adaptation (5). In polar experiments, a personality profile of being serious-minded, holding a self-sufficient attitude coupled with being able to cope with receiving less social support appeared advantageous (6). In the present chapter, after presenting the main differences between extreme conditions, we consider interactions between personality and selected variables including social relations, human performances or affective disorders in the adaptation condition that could produce a consistent pattern of findings than studies. In conclusion, we summarize the strategies aimed at helping athletes manage adaptation to extreme environments.