Background. The calcimimetic drug cinacalcet has changed the prescription patterns in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, despite the lack of randomized studies that compare cinacalcet with conventional treatment, including parathyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate current management of patients on chronic dialysis with incidental and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels >= 500 ng/L. Methods. Prospective pharmacoepidemiologic study of chronic dialysis patients with PTH level >= 500 ng/L. Results. We studied 269 patients. Among the 186 patients who had 2-year follow-up, 125 (67%) were managed using cinacalcet. At 2 years, when comparing the cinacalet with the noncinacalet groups, we found that mean PTH values were 400 318 versus 388 251 ng/L (P = ns) and the percentage of patients following 2009 PTH Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines were 79 versus 85% (P = ns). Eight patients (4%) underwent parathyroidectomy. On multivariate analysis, the use of cinacalcet was not a predictor for PTH within KDIGO guidelines at 2-year follow-up. Conclusion. Cinacalcet was used in the majority (67%) of patients on chronic dialysis with secondary hyperparathyroidism, but the use of cinacalcet did not affect mean PTH values nor the proportion of patients following KDIGO guidelines compared with patients not using calcimimetics.