Cardiovascular Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is recognized as a potential risk factor for future cardiovascular events, especially heart failure. Preclinical models and biomarkers have identified several likely pathophysiological mechanisms, apparently involving mitochondrial injury, inflammation, cellular death, and profibrotic pathways. The therapeutic use of blockers of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system may be associated with improved outcomes in patients recovering from acute kidney injury, but interventional trials are needed to refine strategies for treating patients after an acute episode. We believe that it is important for health care professionals to be aware of acute kidney injury and its effect on the cardiovascular system, if patients are to receive needed, potentially lifesaving treatments.
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