Oxidative Effects during Irreversible Electroporation of Melanoma Cells—In Vitro Study
Résumé
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is today used as an alternative to surgery for the excision
of cancer lesions. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative and cytotoxic effects the cells undergo
during irreversible electroporation using IRE protocols. To do so, we used IRE-inducing pulsed
electric fields (PEFs) (eight pulses of 0.1 ms duration and 2–4 kV/cm intensity) and compared
their effects to those of PEFs of intensities below the electroporation threshold (eight pulses, 0.1 ms,
0.2–0.4 kV/cm) and the PEFs involving elongated pulses (eight pulses, 10 ms, 0.2–0.4 kV/cm).
Next, to follow the morphology of the melanoma cell membranes after treatment with the PEFs,
we analyzed the permeability and integrity of their membranes and analyzed the radical oxygen
species (ROS) bursts and the membrane lipids’ oxidation. Our data showed that IRE-induced high
cytotoxic effect is associated both with irreversible cell membrane disruption and ROS-associated
oxidation, which is occurrent also in the low electric field range. It was shown that the viability
of melanoma cells characterized by similar ROS content and lipid membrane oxidation after PEF
treatment depends on the integrity of the membrane system. Namely, when the effects of the PEF
on the membrane are reversible, aside from the high level of ROS and membrane oxidation, the cell
does not undergo cell death.
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