A review on electrochemical methods for trace metal speciation in environmental media
Abstract
Trace metal speciation is key to understand/predict bioavailability and potential toxicity of metals to biota and will, undoubtedly, be incorporated in future regulations. Electroanalytical methods have a role to play in such development: they offer a wide range of advantages such as speed, portability, economy, solid interpretation backgrounds and low limits of quantification. This review focusses on three selected stripping techniques: Competitive-Ligand Exchange-Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CLE-CSV), Scanned Stripping Chrono-Potentiometry (SSCP) and AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) reporting their working principles, characteristics (strong and weak points) and recent applications to systems of environmental relevance (such as seawaters, freshwaters or soil extracts).
Keywords
Extracellular polymeric substances
EQS
Environmental Quality Standard
FIAM
Free Ion Activity Model
GSH
Glutathione
HEPES
N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N -2 -ethanesulfonic acid
HMDE
Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode
HS
Humic Substances
I
Ionic strength
ISE
Ion Selective Electrode
LOD
Limit of Detection
MES
2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid
MOPS
3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid
NICA
Non-Ideal Competitive Adsorption
NN
1-Nitroso-2-naphthol
NOM
Natural Organic Matter
NP
Nanoparticles
NTA
Nitrilotriacetic Acid
OECD
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
PDCA
Pyridinedicarboxylic acid
PNIPAM
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
POPSO
Piperazine-1
4-bis(2hydroxypropanesulfonic acid)
QD
Quantum Dot
RT
Resin Titration technique
S
Salinity
SA
Salicylaldoxime
SCP
Stripping ChronoPotentiometry
SIA
Sequential Injection Analysis
SPE
Screen-Printed
speciation
availability
electroanalysis
electrochemistry
heavy metal
Galceran
J AdCSV
Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry
AFS
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy
AGNES
Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping
APDC
Ammonium 1-pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate
ASV
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
BiFE
Bismuth Film Electrode
BLM
Biotic Ligand Model
CLE
Competitive Ligand Exchange
CSV
Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry
DHN
2
3-dihydroxynaphthalene
DMEM
Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
DMG
Dimethylglyoxime
DMT
Donnan Membrane Technique
DOC
Dissolved Organic Carbon
DOM
Dissolved Organic Matter
DPP
Differential Pulse Polarogram
EDTA
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EPPS
4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid
EPS
Origin : Files produced by the author(s)