Phosphorus is a strategic resource that cannot be substituted in the foods and pharmaceutical industries. It is an irreplaceable macronutrient for crops, cells, humans and animals. The supply risk can lead to geopolitical problems, and it is urgent to encourage the development of environmentally sustainable recovery technologies of phosphorus from various alternative materials. Poultry manure ash produced inside fluidized bed reactor could constitute an alternative resource of phosphorus to phosphate ores. Therefore, the phosphorus recovery in two representative ash samples has been investigated by combining leaching and solvent extraction under optimal conditions. The mineralogy of these samples has been studied in detail to get relevant information for designing the phosphorus extraction process. Although the relative abundances of phases vary between the two samples, phosphorous is mainly present as a hydroxyapatite mineral and in similar amounts in all particle fractions. Potassium, magnesium, sodium are located in other mineral phases (K-Na-Mg sulfates and K-(Na)-chlorides) mixed with the two main Ca-phases, calcite and hydroxyapatite. The poultry manure ashes were digested by dilute sulfuric acid at liquid-to-solid ratios ranging from L/S = 10 mL/g to L/S = 5 mL/g. About 90 wt% of phosphorous in the poultry manure ashes was leached under the optimal sulfuric acid concentration with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 mL/g.