This thesis deals with the French transposition of Socialist Realism, from the double perspective of speech and literary production. Louis Aragon is the main actor of this movement. Already during the establishing Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers in 1934, he took the challenge of inventing a translation of Socialist Realism, which would match the French literary heritage and social context. His call remained unheard from 1934 to 1939, however he wrote the first novels of "Le Monde Réel". Between 1939 and 1947, his reference to Socialist Realism faded away, while other communist writers produced militant pieces of work, first poems on the Resistance, then militant novels. The Cold War's ideological confrontation and the Jdanovism period were the most fruitful time for the production of "party literature", under the auspices of Socialist Realism. The three major pieces of work from this period are the romanesque cycles by Pierre Daix's Classe 42, Andre Stil's Le Premier Choc and Aragon's Les Communistes.