Detailed modeling of the solidification of vacuum arc remelted zirconium ingots
Abstract
Since the quality of Vacuum Arc Remelted zirconium ingots is directly linked to their chemical homogeneity and metallurgical structure after solidification, it is important to relate these factors to the operating conditions. Therefore, a modeling study of the solidification process during VAR has been undertaken. To this purpose, a numerical model has been used, based on the SOLAR software developed at Nancy during the past 20 years. Solidification mechanisms recently implemented in the model include a full coupling between energy and solute transport in the mushy zone, and accounting for finite diffusion of solutes at the microscopic scale, in both solid and liquid phases. This modeling can be applied to actual multi-component alloys. In this paper, the macrosegregation in Zircaloy 4 ingots is investigated. To validate the model results, one single melt of a chemically homogeneous electrode has been specifically performed. The results show the importance of accounting for solutal convection to forecast properly the macrosegregation in zirconium ingots.