From the liquid state to room temperature, two successive solid-state phase transitions occur in pure zirconia. It is well-known that the last one (tetragonal to monoclinic) is martensitic and induces large volume variations and shear strains. Elastic and inelastic behaviors of zirconia-based materials are strongly influenced by this transition and the associated strain fields that it induces. Knowledge of strain and stress at the crystal scale is thus a crucial point. Using fully dense pure zirconia polycrystals obtained by a fuse casting process, we have determined at a sub-micrometric scale, by X-ray Laue microdiffraction, the strains map at room temperature in as-cast specimens and after a post elaboration high temperature thermal treatment. We observed that the fluctuation of deviatoric elastic strain is huge, the standard deviation of normal component being in the range of 1-2%. The heat treatment tends to even further increase this range of fluctuation, despite the development of a multiscale crack network formed during the cooling. Correspondingly, the associated stress level is also huge. It lies in the 5 GPa range with stress gradient amounting 1 GPa μm − 1 .